About this previous year paper
SECTION A — Very Short Answers (2 Marks Each)
a. Protocol (with example)
A protocol is a set of rules that governs communication between devices.
Example: HTTP, MQTT, CoAP
b. Use of Database in IoT Stores sensor data
Enables data analysis and visualization Supports decision-making
c. Cost of Ownership in IoT
Includes hardware cost, software, deployment, maintenance, energy, and security costs over system lifetime.
d. Devices Used in IoT Sensors
Actuators Microcontrollers
Gateways Smart devices
e. Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)
Use of IoT in industrial automation, manufacturing, monitoring, and control systems.
f. “4.0” in Industry 4.0
Represents the fourth industrial revolution involving cyber-physical systems, IoT, and automation.
g. Reliability in IoT
Ability of IoT system to perform consistently without failure over time.
h. Importance of Real-Time Monitoring Enables instant decision-making
Detects faults early Improves efficiency and safety
i. Testing Concept in IoT
Process of validating functionality, performance, security, and reliability of IoT systems.
j. Types of Testing in IoT Functional testing
Security testing Performance testing
Usability testing
SECTION B — Short Descriptive Answers (10 Marks)
a. Wireless Network & IoT Security Issues
Wireless Network: Communication without physical cables.
Security & Privacy Issues: Data leakage
Unauthorized access Weak authentication
Privacy breaches
b. Environmental Interaction Modeling
Models interaction between IoT devices and environment
Example: Smart thermostat adjusting temperature based on surroundings
c. Technologies Used in IIoT Sensors & actuators
Cloud computing Big data analytics
AI & Machine Learning
d. ARMET Approach in IoT Security Authentication
Resilience Monitoring
Encryption Trust
Improves overall IoT security posture.
e. Fuzz Testing in IoT Sends invalid/random data
Identifies vulnerabilities Improves robustness of IoT applications
SECTION C — Architecture & Protocols (10 Marks)
a. IoT System Architecture
Layers: Perception layer (sensors)
Network layer (communication) Application layer (services)
Why Security is Necessary Prevent cyber-attacks
Protect data integrity Ensure user privacy
b. IoT-Oriented Protocols MQTT: Lightweight publish/subscribe
CoAP: REST-based constrained protocol HTTP: Web-based communication
SECTION D — Network & Event Processing (10 Marks)
a. Single Hub vs Multi Hub Network
| Single Hub | Multi Hub |
|---|---|
| Centralized | Distributed |
| Simple | Scalable |
| Single point of failure | Fault tolerant |
b. Migration Process & Event Analysis
Migration: Transition from legacy to IoT system
Event analysis: Pattern detection, alerts, real-time responses